--- title: Engineering Notes | Motion Control Basics (2) description: Motion Control Basics | ORIENTAL MOTOR U.S.A. CORP. has dedicated over 33 years to establishing a service and support system to better serve customers. It is our goal to provide the best product and service from the design phase, through the sale and beyond. (2) --- [![Oriental Motor U.S.A. Corp.](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/hs-fs/hubfs/OM-logo-200px.jpg?width=200&height=47&name=OM-logo-200px.jpg)](https://www.orientalmotor.com/index.html) - - [Products](https://www.orientalmotor.com/products/index.html) - [Motor Sizing](https://www.orientalmotor.com/motor-sizing/index.html) - [Technology](https://www.orientalmotor.com/technology/index.html) - [FAQ](https://faq.orientalmotor.com/) - [Contact Us](https://www.orientalmotor.com/contact/index.html) - [Stepper Motors](https://www.orientalmotor.com/stepper-motors/index.html) - [Servo Motors](https://www.orientalmotor.com/servo-motors/index.html) - [Industrial Robots](https://www.orientalmotor.com/industrial-robots/index.html) - [AC Motors & Gear Motors](https://www.orientalmotor.com/ac-motors-gear-motors/index.html) - [Brushless DC Motors](https://www.orientalmotor.com/brushless-dc-motors-gear-motors/index.html) - [Linear Actuators](https://www.orientalmotor.com/linear-actuators/index.html) - [Rotary Actuators](https://www.orientalmotor.com/rotary-actuators/index.html) - [Network Products](https://www.orientalmotor.com/network-products/index.html) - [Cooling Fans](https://www.orientalmotor.com/cooling-fans/index.html) - [Encoders](https://www.orientalmotor.com/encoders-sensors/index.html) Engineering Notes ## Engineering Notes by Oriental Motor # Welcome to Oriental Motor's "Engineering Notes" Blog: Products and technology are only valuable when coupled with skilled people and services to support them. Since 1978, ORIENTAL MOTOR U.S.A. CORP. has been building a service and support system to better serve customers. It is our goal to provide the best product and service from the design phase, through the sale and beyond. **Our blog will feature:** - Introduction to new products and technologies - Motion control basics and application examples - Tips for motor selection, programming, and troubleshooting   ## [Motion Programming Example: Loop Function For Repeated Motion](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/mexe02-programming-basics-loop-function-for-repeated-motion) Posted by [Johann Tang](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/author/johann-tang) on Nov 3, 2020, 2:14:14 PM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) [![Motion sequence example](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/hubfs/image-png-Oct-30-2020-12-54-27-37-AM.png)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/mexe02-programming-basics-loop-function-for-repeated-motion) No matter how many functions a product offers, without an intuitive, easy-to-use software, those functions can be difficult to implement. [Read More](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/mexe02-programming-basics-loop-function-for-repeated-motion) 0 Comments [Click here to read/write comments](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/mexe02-programming-basics-loop-function-for-repeated-motion#comments-listing) Topics: [Stepper Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/stepper-motors), [Absolute Positioning](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/absolute-positioning), [Alphastep Hybrid Control](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/alphastep-hybrid-control), [Linear Actuators](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/linear-actuators), [VIDEOS](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/videos), [Software](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/software), [Application Examples](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/application-examples), [Motion Control Basics](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/motion-control-basics) ## [Stepper Motor Wiring Basics: Unipolar vs Bipolar](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/stepper-motor-wiring-basics-unipolar-vs-bipolar) Posted by [Johann Tang](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/author/johann-tang) on Aug 28, 2020, 9:03:36 PM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) [![](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/hubfs/image-png-2.png)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/stepper-motor-wiring-basics-unipolar-vs-bipolar) An easy way to alter the speed and torque characteristics of a stepper motor is to connect it to a different type of driver or change its wiring configuration.  However, there's more to it.  Knowing the pros and cons between "unipolar" and "bipolar" can make or break your stepper motor performance. [Read More](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/stepper-motor-wiring-basics-unipolar-vs-bipolar) 5 Comments [Click here to read/write comments](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/stepper-motor-wiring-basics-unipolar-vs-bipolar#comments-listing) Topics: [Stepper Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/stepper-motors), [Motion Control Basics](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/motion-control-basics), [Stepper Drivers](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/stepper-drivers), [Incremental Positioning](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/incremental-positioning) ## [Control Basics: The Difference Between Sink and Source Logic](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/what-is-the-difference-between-sink-and-source-logic) Posted by [Johann Tang](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/author/johann-tang) on Apr 30, 2020, 9:16:14 PM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) [![](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/hubfs/Example%20of%20sink%20logic.jpg)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/what-is-the-difference-between-sink-and-source-logic) For someone who has never had experience wiring I/O for motion control, it can be scary the first time.  If devices are not wired correctly, it can cause a range of issues from a motor simply not doing what's expected to irreversible product damage.  I still get that nervous feeling before I press the START button on a demo.  Murphy's Law, anyone? [Read More](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/what-is-the-difference-between-sink-and-source-logic) 4 Comments [Click here to read/write comments](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/what-is-the-difference-between-sink-and-source-logic#comments-listing) Topics: [AC Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/ac-motors), [Stepper Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/stepper-motors), [Alphastep Hybrid Control](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/alphastep-hybrid-control), [Linear Actuators](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/linear-actuators), [Speed Control](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/speed-control), [BLDC Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/bldc-motors), [Servo Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/servo-motors), [Motion Control Basics](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/motion-control-basics) ## [Gear Basics: Backlash vs Lost Motion](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/gear-basics-backlash-vs-lost-motion) Posted by [Johann Tang](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/author/johann-tang) on Apr 29, 2020, 9:13:21 PM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) [![](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/hubfs/Gear%20backlash.jpg)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/gear-basics-backlash-vs-lost-motion) The significance of position control accuracy of motors varies depending on the application.  For an AGV in a farm with DC motor-driven wheels, position control accuracy is probably not as crucial as a surgical robot where incisions are controlled by servo motors or stepper motors. [Read More](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/gear-basics-backlash-vs-lost-motion) 0 Comments [Click here to read/write comments](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/gear-basics-backlash-vs-lost-motion#comments-listing) Topics: [Stepper Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/stepper-motors), [Alphastep Hybrid Control](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/alphastep-hybrid-control), [Gearheads](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/gearheads), [Servo Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/servo-motors), [Motion Control Basics](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/motion-control-basics) ## [Motor Sizing Basics Part 4 - How to Calculate Radial Load and Axial Load](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/motor-sizing-basics-part-4-radial-load-and-axial-load) Posted by [Johann Tang](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/author/johann-tang) on Mar 31, 2020, 7:58:57 PM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) [![](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/hubfs/image-155.png)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/motor-sizing-basics-part-4-radial-load-and-axial-load) Besides load torque, acceleration torque, speed, and load inertia, overlooking certain sizing parameters during the motor sizing process can literally make or break your machine. [Read More](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/motor-sizing-basics-part-4-radial-load-and-axial-load) 8 Comments [Click here to read/write comments](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/motor-sizing-basics-part-4-radial-load-and-axial-load#comments-listing) Topics: [AC Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/ac-motors), [Stepper Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/stepper-motors), [Speed Control](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/speed-control), [Motor Sizing](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/motor-sizing), [BLDC Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/bldc-motors), [Gearheads](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/gearheads), [Servo Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/servo-motors), [Motion Control Basics](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/motion-control-basics) ## [Motor Sizing Basics Part 3: How to Calculate Speed, Acceleration Torque, and RMS Torque](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/motor-sizing-basics-part-3-acceleration-torque-and-rms-torque) Posted by [Johann Tang](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/author/johann-tang) on Feb 27, 2020, 9:05:40 PM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) [![](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/hubfs/image-129.png)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/motor-sizing-basics-part-3-acceleration-torque-and-rms-torque) Now that we understand the calculations behind load torque and load inertia, we're a little closer to motor selection.  You might be wondering why I separated load torque and acceleration torque calculations.  That's because in order to calculate for acceleration torque, load inertia and speed must be calculated first.  [Read More](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/motor-sizing-basics-part-3-acceleration-torque-and-rms-torque) 4 Comments [Click here to read/write comments](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/motor-sizing-basics-part-3-acceleration-torque-and-rms-torque#comments-listing) Topics: [AC Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/ac-motors), [Stepper Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/stepper-motors), [Alphastep Hybrid Control](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/alphastep-hybrid-control), [Linear Actuators](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/linear-actuators), [Speed Control](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/speed-control), [Motor Sizing](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/motor-sizing), [BLDC Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/bldc-motors), [Servo Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/servo-motors), [Motion Control Basics](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/motion-control-basics) ## [Motor Sizing Basics Part 2: How to Calculate Load Inertia](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/motor-sizing-basics-part-2-load-inertia) Posted by [Johann Tang](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/author/johann-tang) on Jan 17, 2020, 7:51:53 PM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) [![](https://www.orientalmotor.com/images/technology/fundamental-inertia-equation.jpg)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/motor-sizing-basics-part-2-load-inertia) Other than torque or speed, another factor should be considered when sizing motors.   [Read More](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/motor-sizing-basics-part-2-load-inertia) 5 Comments [Click here to read/write comments](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/motor-sizing-basics-part-2-load-inertia#comments-listing) Topics: [AC Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/ac-motors), [Stepper Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/stepper-motors), [Alphastep Hybrid Control](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/alphastep-hybrid-control), [Linear Actuators](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/linear-actuators), [Speed Control](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/speed-control), [Motor Sizing](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/motor-sizing), [BLDC Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/bldc-motors), [Gearheads](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/gearheads), [Servo Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/servo-motors), [Rotary Actuators/Index Tables](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/rotary-actuators-index-tables), [Motion Control Basics](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/motion-control-basics) ## [Motor Sizing Basics Part 1: How to Calculate Load Torque](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/motor-sizing-basics-part-1-load-torque) Posted by [Johann Tang](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/author/johann-tang) on Jan 14, 2020, 8:14:54 PM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) [![Motor Sizing Basics Part 1: How to Calculate Load Torque](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/hubfs/image-96.png)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/motor-sizing-basics-part-1-load-torque) Proper sizing of a motor requires that 3 criteria must be met: torque, load inertia, and speed.  For the first part of this Motor Sizing Basics series, I will be explaining what load torque is, how to calculate it for specific application examples, and how it fits into the torque requirement for the application. [Read More](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/motor-sizing-basics-part-1-load-torque) 16 Comments [Click here to read/write comments](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/motor-sizing-basics-part-1-load-torque#comments-listing) Topics: [AC Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/ac-motors), [Stepper Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/stepper-motors), [Alphastep Hybrid Control](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/alphastep-hybrid-control), [Linear Actuators](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/linear-actuators), [Speed Control](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/speed-control), [Motor Sizing](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/motor-sizing), [BLDC Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/bldc-motors), [Servo Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/servo-motors), [Rotary Actuators/Index Tables](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/rotary-actuators-index-tables), [Motion Control Basics](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/motion-control-basics), [Conveyors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/conveyors) ## [Fan Basics: Air Flow, Static Pressure, and Impedance](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/fan-basics-air-flow-static-pressure-impedance) Posted by [Johann Tang](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/author/johann-tang) on Oct 25, 2019, 9:00:00 AM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) [![MRS25 fan air flow - static pressure characteristics](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/hubfs/image-48.png)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/fan-basics-air-flow-static-pressure-impedance) Do you know how to use this graph? [Read More](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/fan-basics-air-flow-static-pressure-impedance) 6 Comments [Click here to read/write comments](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/fan-basics-air-flow-static-pressure-impedance#comments-listing) Topics: [VIDEOS](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/videos), [Cooling Fans](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/cooling-fans), [Motion Control Basics](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/motion-control-basics) ## [Choosing the Right Type of Stepper Motor for Your Application](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/choosing-the-right-type-of-stepper-motor-for-your-application) Posted by [Johann Tang](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/author/johann-tang) on Nov 12, 2018, 8:30:00 AM - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) [![Choosing the Right Type of Stepper Motor for Your Application](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/hubfs/PKP%202-phase%20lineup-3.jpg)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/choosing-the-right-type-of-stepper-motor-for-your-application) Stepper motors are popular for their ability to stop accurately as well as their ease of use.  Both the amount of rotation and the speed are controlled easily with the same digital square wave pulse signal.  Unlike servo motors, stepper motors do not need an encoder to operate.  Example applications of stepper motors are CNC machines, index tables, robotics, scanners, and more recently, 3D printers. [Read More](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/choosing-the-right-type-of-stepper-motor-for-your-application) 4 Comments [Click here to read/write comments](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/choosing-the-right-type-of-stepper-motor-for-your-application#comments-listing) Topics: [Stepper Motors](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/stepper-motors), [Motor Sizing](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/motor-sizing), [VIDEOS](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/videos), [Application Examples](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/application-examples), [Motion Control Basics](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/motion-control-basics), [Encoders](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/encoders), [Incremental Positioning](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/incremental-positioning) [Previous](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/motion-control-basics/page/1) [All posts](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/all) Search ### Subscribe Here! - Recent - Popular - Categories ### Lists by Topic - [Stepper Motors (62)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/stepper-motors) - 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[Technical Manual Series (9)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/technical-manual-series) - [Stepper Drivers (8)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/stepper-drivers) - [Rotary Actuators/Index Tables (7)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/rotary-actuators-index-tables) - [Encoders (6)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/encoders) - [Troubleshooting (6)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/troubleshooting) - [Washdown (6)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/washdown) - [Case Studies (5)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/case-studies) - [Grip Conveyors (5)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/grip-conveyors) - [Semiconductors (5)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/semiconductors) - [Product Demos (4)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/product-demos) - [Smooth Drive (4)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/smooth-drive) - [Torque Limit (Push Motion, Tension Control) (4)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/torque-limit-push-motion-tension-control) - [Vertical Lifts (4)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/vertical-lifts) - [XYZ/Cartesian/Gantry (4)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/xyz-cartesian-gantry) - [AGV/AMR (3)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/agv-amr) - [Bottle Capping (3)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/bottle-capping) - [Cooling Fans (3)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/cooling-fans) - [Service Life (3)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/service-life) - [Laboratory (2)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/laboratory) - [Pumps (2)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/pumps) - [Chemical Mechanical Polishing (1)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/chemical-mechanical-polishing) - [Wafer Handling (1)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/wafer-handling) - [Wafer Pin Lifters (1)](https://blog.orientalmotor.com/topic/wafer-pin-lifters) see all #### About Us Oriental Motor offers an extensive product line-up of about 50,000 different products that provide the optimal motion system. For over a century we have concentrated on technological advancement and product design improvement. This emphasis is evident in the sophisticated devices that we market today. Oriental Motor's sales and service network is international, with offices throughout North America, Europe and Asia. #### More Links - [\[fa icon="caret-right"\] Home](http://www.orientalmotor.com) - [\[fa icon="caret-right"\] About Us](http://www.orientalmotor.com/company/index.html) - [\[fa icon="caret-right"\] Contact Us](http://www.orientalmotor.com/contact/index.html) #### Contact Us \[fa icon="phone"\]  1-800-GO-VEXTA (468-3982) \[fa icon="envelope"\]  sales@orientalmotor.com \[fa icon="home"\]  570 Alaska Avenue, Torrance CA 90503 \[fa icon="chevron-up"\]Back to top